Understanding and Managing Seizures in Children: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers

Few things are as frightening for a parent or caregiver as witnessing a child experience a seizure. Seizures can occur suddenly, and for many, the first instinct is panicโ€”especially if youโ€™re unsure whatโ€™s happening or how to respond.

While seizures are undeniably intimidating, understanding their causes, how to manage them during an event, and what steps to take afterward can make a significant difference. This guide is part of our childcare first aid series and is here to help demystify seizures, empowering you to stay calm and take effective action if faced with this challenging situation.


What Is a Seizure?

A seizure is a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movement, sensation, or consciousness. They can vary greatly in intensity and type, ranging from mild staring spells to more pronounced convulsions.

Seizures in children are not uncommon, and while they can be alarming, most do not result in long-term harm. However, understanding the possible causes and signs is essential for effective management.

illustration representing electrical activity in my brain

Common Causes of Seizures in Children

Seizures can occur for a variety of reasons. In children, some of the most common causes include:

1. Febrile Seizures

  • Typically occur in young children (6 months to 6 years old).
  • Triggered by a rapid spike in body temperature, often due to fever from an infection like a cold or flu.
  • Although theyโ€™re scary, febrile seizures are generally harmless and donโ€™t cause long-term damage.
an infant with a febrile seizure

2. Epilepsy

  • A chronic condition where a child has recurring seizures.
  • Not all seizures mean a child has epilepsyโ€”itโ€™s diagnosed when there are repeated, unprovoked seizures.

3. Head Injuries

  • Trauma to the head can disrupt normal brain activity and lead to seizures.

4. Infections

  • Serious infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can cause seizures as part of the bodyโ€™s response.

5. Other Causes

  • Low blood sugar.
  • Certain genetic conditions or metabolic disorders.
  • Reactions to medications or toxins.

If your child has a seizure for the first time, itโ€™s essential to see a doctor to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of action.


Signs and Symptoms of Seizures in Children

Seizures can present in various ways, depending on their type. Here are some common symptoms:

  • Generalized Seizures (Tonic-Clonic): Stiffening of the body, jerking movements, loss of consciousness, difficulty breathing, and sometimes a blue tinge to the lips.
  • Absence Seizures: Brief episodes of staring or โ€œzoning outโ€ where the child seems unresponsive but resumes activity shortly after.
  • Focal Seizures: Jerking or twitching movements in one part of the body, with or without changes in awareness.

Recognizing these signs can help you respond appropriately and provide the right information to medical professionals.

a child having a seizure

What to Do During a Seizure

Stay Calm and Focused

Itโ€™s natural to feel overwhelmed, but staying calm is vital. Your ability to act quickly and correctly can ensure the childโ€™s safety and comfort during the event.

Steps to Take:

  1. Ensure Safety:
    • Move any objects away from the child to prevent injury, such as furniture or toys.
    • Cushion their head with something soft, like a folded jumper or a towel.
    • If theyโ€™re on a hard surface, roll them onto their side to keep their airway clear.
  2. Time the Seizure:
    • Use a watch or phone to time how long the seizure lasts. This information is crucial for medical professionals.
    • Most seizures last under 2 minutes. If the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, call 000 immediately.
  3. Donโ€™t Restrain or Put Anything in Their Mouth:
    • Do not try to hold the child down or force anything into their mouth. Contrary to popular myths, they cannot โ€œswallow their tongue,โ€ but inserting objects can cause harm.
  4. Stay with Them:
    • Offer reassurance and speak in a calm voice, even if theyโ€™re not responsive. Your presence can be comforting as they regain awareness.

After the Seizure: What to Do Next

Once the seizure ends, the child may appear drowsy, confused, or even agitated. This post-seizure state, known as the postictal phase, is normal and can last a few minutes to hours, depending on the seizure.

Steps to Take Post-Seizure:

  • Check for Injuries: Look for any signs of injury from the seizure, such as bruises or cuts.
  • Keep Them Comfortable: Allow the child to rest in a safe, quiet space until they recover.
  • Reassure Them: When they become fully aware, they may feel frightened or disoriented. Let them know theyโ€™re safe.
  • Seek Medical Advice:
    • Call 000 if the seizure lasted longer than 5 minutes, if it was their first seizure, or if they have difficulty breathing.
    • Even if the seizure was brief, a medical review is essential to determine the cause and discuss next steps.


How to Prepare for Future Seizures

If your child has a condition that predisposes them to seizures, preparation is key:

  • Create a Seizure Plan: Work with your doctor to develop a plan that outlines what to do during and after a seizure.
  • Inform Caregivers: Ensure babysitters, teachers, and relatives know what to do if a seizure occurs.
  • Keep Emergency Numbers Handy: Save the contact details for your doctor and emergency services in an easily accessible location.

When to Call for Emergency Help (000)

Always call 000 if:

  • The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
  • The child has trouble breathing or doesnโ€™t wake up after the seizure.
  • Itโ€™s their first seizure.
  • The seizure occurs in water.

Learn How to Manage Seizures with My First Aid Course Brisbane

Handling a seizure can feel overwhelming, but preparation can make all the difference. At My First Aid Course Brisbane, we offer comprehensive first aid training designed to equip parents, caregivers, and teachers with the skills to manage emergencies confidently.

What Our Courses Cover:

  • Recognising and responding to seizures in babies and children.
  • Practical, hands-on CPR training for infants and children.
  • Managing febrile seizures, choking, burns, and other common emergencies.

Our experienced trainers deliver clear, practical guidance in a supportive and friendly environment, helping you feel ready to handle the unexpected with calm and confidence.

Book Your Course Today

Whether youโ€™re preparing for your first child or supporting a growing family, investing in first aid training is one of the best decisions you can make. Consider trying our childcare first aid course and grow your knowledge today!


Seizures can be scary, but with knowledge and preparation, you can ensure your childโ€™s safety and well-being. By staying informed and taking proactive steps, youโ€™re giving your family the gift of confidence and calm in the face of the unexpected.

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